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Nextstep open 18 PhD posts in March 2025 for PhD projects starting in autumn 2025. All the information are available on ESRF recruitment portal (https://www.esrf.fr/Jobs) and the deadline for application is 02 May 2025. The first 18 PhD projects will be located at ESRF – The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility,  ILL- The Institut Laue-Langevin in France and at FZJ – Institutes of Forschungszentrum Jülich in Germany. PhD projects will cover a wide range of disciplines including physics, materials science, chemistry, biochemistry and engineering. The successful candidates will study a hot topic related to sustainable development or industrial competitiveness and they will learn to use some of the most advanced and exciting analytical techniques available at their host research infrastructure facility. There will also be a second cohort of 18 PhD posts to be advertised from February 2026. Nextstep is a Horizon Europe supported MSCA cofund doctoral programme. This programme expects the candidate to change country to take up employment at the PhD project host institute. See the Nextstep website FAQ (https://nextstep-programme.eu/frequently-asked-questions/) for more details on the Marie Sklodowska-Curie mobility rule. Area Science Park participates in Nexstep as a hosting infrastructure for PhD students along with ESRF (Nexstep coordinator), ILL (France), FZJ (Germany), and NTNU (Norway). TO DISCOVER THE 18 CALLS AND GET MORE DETAILS, CLICK HERE

To achieve the “zero emissions” target, emerging technologies such as green hydrogen are essential. However, the production of green hydrogen through electrolysis depends on critical raw materials (CRM), for which the demand is increasing, while supply remains concentrated in just a few countries. The study was presented at the “IRTC25: From Raw Material Policies to Practice” conference held in Ljubljana, supported by EIT RawMaterials (European Union) and the Federal Department of Economic Affairs (Switzerland). The research, conducted by Area Science Park (Riccardo Priore and Marinella Favot) and the University of Milano-Bicocca (Marco Compagnoni) within the North Adriatic Hydrogen Valley project – NAHV, explored two key aspects: technological innovation in green hydrogen through the analysis of patents and the assessment of the criticality of the raw materials necessary. To identify global trends in green hydrogen innovation, patents related to key technologies such as fuel cells and electrolysers were analysed. Additionally, the criticality of the raw materials necessary for these technologies was assessed based on the EU’s list of critical raw materials. Thanks to the PatLib Centre at Area Science Park, the study used a patent database (PATSTAT) covering the period from 2000 to 2023, focusing on: temporal trends in patents for fuel cells and electrolysers countries with the strongest interest in intellectual property protection on these topics the most used critical raw materials and their trends over time. The picture that emerged is the following: patent applications for hydrogen technologies have increased significantly, reaching 5,380 applications filed in 2022 (a figure that may continue to grow), making a total of over 45,600 applications from 2000 to 2023 (noting that the publication secrecy period for applications is 18 months); China, Japan and the USA are the territories most interested in the legal protection (via patents) of the production or commercialisation of key green hydrogen technologies; 13% of patents mention at least one critical raw material, with Nickel, Platinum and Lithium as the most important for both technologies (fuel cells and electrolysers). The researchers conclude that while the increase in patent applications highlights a global push towards green hydrogen-based solutions, the dependency on critical raw materials such as Nickel, Platinum and Lithium raises concerns about supply risks, price volatility and geopolitical dependencies. To ensure the sustainable growth of hydrogen technologies, it will be crucial to develop new research into alternative materials and, at the same time, effective recycling strategies and supply chains.

An innovative solution for the recovery and reuse of yttrium, a rare and critical chemical element, from electronic waste, has emerged from research conducted by Area Science Park and the University of Udine, presented at the “IRTC25” conference in Ljubljana. The study, conducted by Marinella Favot, Roberta Curiazi and Antonio Massarutto, demonstrates how Yttrium Triflate (Y(OTf)₃), a widely used catalyst in the pharmaceutical industry, can be produced in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way from waste materials. Yttrium and its compounds play a crucial role in numerous chemical and technological processes within the pharmaceutical sector. This element is used as a catalyst in key reactions for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, such as hydrolysis, condensation and oxidation-reduction reactions. Thanks to its high efficiency, yttrium triflate, in particular, makes it possible to reduce reaction times and improve chemical process yield, making it indispensable for the production of complex molecules that form the basis of many medicines. As well as its use as a catalyst, yttrium is used in advanced technologies such as solid-state lasers, used in medical devices for surgery and diagnostics (YAG – Yttrium Aluminium Garnet lasers), in medical imaging techniques (including positron emission tomography – PET) and in biocompatible materials used in medical devices. Additionally, yttrium is used in the production of ceramics, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and plasma screens, cathode ray tubes (CRT), automotive catalysts, fluorescent lamps, permanent magnets and metallic alloys for batteries, as well as in fuel cells and electrolysers (key green hydrogen technologies), primarily in the form of yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ).   Recycling Yttrium from Electronic Waste: A Sustainable Solution The research presented at the “IRTC25” conference focuses on recovering yttrium oxide, which is present in small quantities in electronic waste, and transforming it into yttrium triflate through a three-stage process: catalyst synthesis, filtration and water removal. Although the final product is not 100% purified, it has proven to be effective and economically sustainable compared to purchasing pure yttrium triflate on the market. “The recycling process not only reduces dependence on virgin raw materials but it also represents a cost-effective solution”, explains Marinella Favot of Area Science Park. “In fact, recovering yttrium from electronic waste is more cost-effective than traditional disposal methods, especially when the price of the recovered material exceeds the costs of collection and treatment.” This research has been selected for a pitch at Apple and McKinsey’s “Talent meets Industry” event and represents a significant step towards a more sustainable circular economy, reducing the environmental and social impact linked to rare earth extraction and improving the resilience of supply chains. However, some challenges remain, such as the volatility of the prices of pure materials and the need to develop infrastructures for the treatment of electronic waste in Europe. In a global context where the demand for critical materials such as yttrium is constantly increasing, the recycling of electronic waste is confirmed as a key strategy for ensuring a more sustainable future and reducing environmental impact, also in pharmaceutical production.

Area Science Park has launched a call for applications for the awarding of six scholarships aimed at university students working on their master’s degree thesis within the scope of the project “Support for the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases through Artificial Intelligence”. The project aims to develop innovative tools for early identification of rare diseases through the automated analysis of clinical data. The scholarships, which last six months and are renewable for an additional semester, will support the training of university students during the completion of their master’s degree thesis in one of the following subject areas: Multimodal modelling with AI, to distinguish normal conditions from pathological ones through advanced algorithms. Management and anonymisation of clinical databases (Electronic Health Records – EHR), with focus on interoperability and data security. Development of a digital ecosystem for clinical data research, integrated with the ORFEO data center. The selected candidates will carry out their research activities at the Area Science Park Data Engineering Laboratory (LADE) and will be able to access an advanced technological ecosystem, including the Orfeo computing platform. To apply, students must be enrolled in a master’s degree programme in related fields and must submit their application via certified email (PEC) by 11.59 pm on 16 March 2025. Selection will be based on the evaluation of qualifications and an interview. Further details and the full call for applications are available here.

Trieste is a “city of science, research, and innovation”. These were the words of Martin Briens, French Ambassador to Italy, who visited Area Science Park and the Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory last week. The Ambassador and his delegation, consisting of Rachel Caruhel, Deputy Consul General, Pauline Le Louargant, Political Advisor, and Capucine Louis, Business Economics Expert, have been accompanied to Area by Riccardo Illy, Honorary Consul of France in Trieste. Welcoming the delegation were Area Science Park President Caterina Petrillo, General Manager Anna Sirica, and Director of the Research and Innovation Division Salvatore La Rosa. The first part of the meeting was dedicated to presenting the Institution and its strategic activities, focusing on Artificial Intelligence and Life Sciences; in the second part, Ambassador Briens had the opportunity to meet and engage in discussions with representatives of Aindo, an innovative startup using AI to generate synthetic data based on real data. Later, the French delegation visited the Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory at the Basovizza campus.    

During the second National Week of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), scheduled from 4 to 11 February 2025, the fundamental role of women in research and innovation is a crucial issue and one to which Area Science Park has always paid special attention. At our Research Institute, 57% of employees are women, with a female presence of 54.8% among researchers and technologists. Women play a leading role in the top positions and positions of responsibility within the Institute: both the President and the General Manager are women, while 62.5% of Office Managers are female. Area Science Park has 2,800 employees, 37% of whom are women. Three-quarters of the science park’s staff hold a university degree or a PhD. All the figures mentioned are particularly significant in a scientific sector that is still predominantly male and they demonstrate Area Science Park’s commitment to encouraging gender equality and promoting female leadership and growth paths in STEM disciplines. Through collaborations with universities, companies and research centres, Area supports the entry of young women into scientific careers, thus helping to create a fairer and more innovative future. STEM Week 2025 represents another opportunity to reinforce this commitment and inspire new generations of female scientists, engineers and technologists. As in previous editions, Area joins many national research institutions in supporting the MUR’s communication campaign for STEM Week and the ‘International Day of Women and Girls in Science’.

Adina Lovin, Consul General of the Republic of Romania in Trieste, visited Area Science Park to gain a deeper understanding of the region’s scientific landscape and to identify and promote new collaboration models. Accompanied by Sabrina Strolego, Honorary Consul of Austria in Trieste, Adina Lovin was welcomed by Caterina Petrillo, President of the national research institution, who presented the key activities currently being developed at Area Science Park: from research and technological infrastructure development to investments in the hydrogen sector. Part of the meeting to the Institution’s initiatives supporting enterprises, both in digital transformation and in the development of new deep-tech companies. Afterward, the Consul General of Romania visited the Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory and met with some Romanian scientists working at Area Science Park campuses. During the visit, Adina Lovin expressed her commitment to supporting and promoting scientific exchange projects and collaboration between the two countries.

The research infrastructure for pathogen studies and the development of green hydrogen projects were key topics of the visit to Area Science Park by the Australian Deputy Ambassador to Rome, Siddhartha Chakrabarti. Accompanied by Marco Lazzarino, science attaché of the Italian Embassy in Canberra, Siddhartha Chakrabarti was welcomed in Area Science Park by the Director of the Research and Innovation Division, Salvatore La Rosa, who presented the institution and its main strategic activities. Following this, Alberto Soraci outlined the hydrogen-related projects (Nahv,  I-CAMPUS-H2 and H2SmartLab) and Stefano Cozzini introduced  “Pathogen Readiness Platform for CERIC-ERIC Upgrade” PRP@Ceric, a research infrastructure funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR) and coordinated by Area Science Park in partnership with CNR – National Research Council (Institute of Materials and Institute of Crystallography), University of Salerno, University of Naples and University of Salento. Additionally, Deputy Ambassador Siddhartha Chakrabarti had the opportunity to visit ICGEB, CNR-IOM, and the Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory.

The Ernesto Illy Foundation’s Master’s course in the Economics and Science of Coffee has reached its 14th edition; it is held in collaboration with illycaffè, the University of Trieste, the University of Udine, SISSA and Area Science Park. This Master’s course is addressed to young graduates in economics, engineering and agricultural sciences; it offers comprehensive training on the biological, agronomic, technological and economic aspects of coffee, from the plant to the final product. There are 25 students in this edition, coming from 18 countries, including Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Mexico, Mozambique, Nicaragua and Tanzania. The educational programme includes over 430 hours of lessons, supported by 60 professors. The classes are taught in a blended-learning format. They will begin remotely, and starting in May 2025, they will continue face-to-face, concluding with project work on one of the subjects covered during the course. Again this year, the Friuli Foundation and the CRTrieste Foundation will financially support the Master’s course, with 16 students who will receive scholarships from the Ernesto Illy Foundation: 10 with a full contribution and 6 with a partial contribution. Since its first edition, the Master’s course has involved over 272 students from more than 30 countries, with the aim of training professionals specialised in the coffee sector, capable of adopting an ethical and sustainable approach.

A guideline to support European local and regional authorities in drafting, implementing and monitoring territorial plans that integrate aspects of energy, climate and mobility, aimed at achieving climate neutrality in a multilevel governance perspective. It was drawn up by the IN-PLAN project team, co-funded by the European Union’s LIFE Programme, to support local authorities who often struggle to convert climate objectives into concrete actions. The IN-PLAN methodology suggests an integrated and collaborative approach combining sectoral plans (e.g. renewable energy, sustainable mobility and climate adaptation) and urban plans in a single spatial planning strategy. It also encourages collaboration among local, regional and national levels of government, fostering greater coherence and the allocation of adequate resources for climate actions. All this is in line with European initiatives, such as the Green Deal and the EU Climate Law, in support of the objectives of reducing emissions and achieving climate neutrality. There are several key elements in the IN-PLAN Guidelines, co-created, developed and tested with 15 local authorities in Italy, Croatia, Ireland, Romania and Sweden, and now being implemented and spread to another 30 European municipalities: Integrated planning: it incorporates energy and climate objectives in spatial development plans, addressing key issues such as sustainable mobility, renewable energy and climate adaptation; Political commitment: it ensures collaboration among local, regional and national governments to obtain long-term support and dedicated resources for sustainable initiatives, with a view to multi-level governance; Skill building: it provides a two-phase training programme first for energy and climate agencies and consultants, who will then assist local and regional governments in developing their own spatial plans, thus guaranteeing knowledge transfer and replicability of the IN-PLAN model across Europe; User-friendly checklists: The checklists guide municipalities in the process of integrating energy and climate objectives into their spatial plans, making sure that effective measures to achieve climate neutrality are planned and implemented. “As climate change continues to present unprecedented challenges, it is crucial that local governments have tools available that are not only aligned with national and EU policies, but that also respond to the specific needs of their territories,” explains Fabrizia Salvi of Area Science Park. “Despite ambitious climate neutrality goals, many local and regional authorities face persistent challenges in converting these goals into concrete actions.” As the European Union strives to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, a tool like the IN-PLAN practice provides towns and regions with the tools they need to actively take steps towards a sustainable future, ensuring that climate goals are not only set, but also achieved through concrete and integrated actions. This support tool is already being tested with 15 local and regional authorities, called “Lighthouses”, and 30 more municipalities will be involved as “Pilots”, making it possible to adapt and replicate the methodology all across Europe. The Municipality of Prato, which is taking part in the European mission “100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities by 2030”, is working on the harmonisation of the new Municipal Structural Plan with the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan according to the measures indicated in the Climate City Contract. “In 2022, a governance structure was defined to coordinate urban planning, mobility and energy that developed policy measures for drafting the Climate City Contract – explains architect Riccardo Pallini, manager of the Mobility and Infrastructure Sector -. These indications were also the basis for drafting the new Structural Plan and a new Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP); in this way, the theme of sustainable mobility was already present in the guidelines for the drafting of the new Structural Plan, and the new SUMP of the Municipality of Prato can thus be developed in close relation with the indications of the Structural Plan and the Climate City Contract”. Interdepartmental collaboration has begun in Narni to deal with the challenges of complexity. “It is important for medium-small municipalities to have the opportunity to learn good practices, even if implemented in large municipalities, which then need to be adapted to the local situation, striving to remove some administrative barriers,” says Giovanni Rubini, Council member for Environmental Policies. There is a need for cultural change and simplified regulations; we need skills, a long-term vision, the possibility of establishing contacts with the Regions and Ministries, and a central coordination role for the provinces. The availability of resources is also a problem and if we want to encourage the development of monitoring plans, rewards should be provided that favour the most virtuous Municipalities.” The city of Padua is also committed to implementing ambitious integrated plans to achieve climate neutrality by 2030. “Data and a cross-sectoral approach are needed in order to address the challenges of implementing these plans,” says Giovanni Vicentini, technical official with the Environment and Territory Sector. The Municipalities do not have all the data and usually, even within these municipalities, each departmental area has data that could be useful to others. Data is essential for developing a detailed overview, and the barriers are not technological.” The Guideline will also be further explored within the National Round Table for Discussion (National Coalition Group) of the IN-PLAN project, an activity launched in December 2024, offering a unique opportunity for various stakeholders to exchange views and make recommendations on integrated planning to be subsequently shared with national policy-makers. Participation in the Round Table, which does not require any formal membership, is conceived as an open space for discussion and debate and foresees further online meetings during 2025. The IN-PLAN Guideline is available here. Further information about the IN-PLAN project is available here.

The Area Science Park national public research organisation is returning to CES in Las Vegas in 2025 – the largest and most important technology industry fair in the world, scheduled for 7 to 10 January – accompanying the 46 Italian startups gathered in the pavilion organised in collaboration with Agenzia ICE. This is an opportunity for the institution to anticipate some new strategic directions in support of innovative companies, particularly in the deep tech sector. The objective: to enhance even more significantly the internal expertise and research infrastructures of the science and technology park, offering important support to research and development activities. For this edition, as in past participations in the national mission at CES, Area Science Park organised an academy dedicated to the startups in the pavilion. Through a series of training sessions with experts in the sector, the startups were able to prepare for the experience in Las Vegas in the best way: from advice on how to create the perfect pitch, to training on how to approach technological and industrial partners and the media present at the fair, with the aim of maximising business opportunities and visibility. The institution will also be the protagonist of one of the thematic panels that will be held in the arena set up inside the pavilion, where in-depth meetings with national and international stakeholders from the world of innovation will alternate, pitches by Italian startups and presentations of some of the most interesting innovative companies present in the pavilions of the other countries present in Eureka Park.   Upcoming deep tech initiatives For Area Science Park, the event will be an opportunity to delve deeper into the role of scientific research in the path leading to the commercialization of deep-tech technologies. A strategic line of development for the institution, which during 2025 will structure a new path to support innovative projects with enormous scientific value in the fields of materials science, advanced digital, green energy supply chains, and life sciences. With a radically different project with respect to traditional research activities on the one hand and support for the entrepreneurial system on the other. For the first time, in fact, the infrastructures, laboratories and related scientific expertise of the researchers at the Trieste campus will be made available to the startups supported by Area. “The goal is to offer concrete resources for R&D in the context of high-tech entrepreneurial projects, accelerating their entry into the market”, explains Fabrizio Rovatti, technologist manager of Area Science Park. “As an institution, we are evolving from a supporting agency focused mainly on managerial and entrepreneurial development to a model that also integrates high-level technological and scientific skills. This allows us to support startups in their innovation processes with this added value: access to advanced infrastructures and the know-how of our researchers”.   Activities in support of Businesses The research institution’s continued support for the national mission at CES in Las Vegas and, even more so, the upcoming initiatives dedicated to deep tech innovation represent the evolution of a strategy in support of innovative businesses that leverages, on the one hand, the consolidation of a national ecosystem of open innovation, and on the other, the generation of research and business opportunities at an international level, particularly across the Atlantic. In 2024, Startup Marathon reached its fifth edition, an initiative by Area Science Park, UniCredit and Fondazione Comunica that, with the formula of competition among young innovative companies, stimulates the creation of synergies among the organisations that support them, the world of research, industry and venture capital. An initiative in constant growth that in the last edition gathered support from more than 30 incubators, accelerators, universities and other research institutions that help startups in their creation and growth. Institutions that, in turn, nominated more than 60 of their most interesting organisations to the contest, which had the opportunity, through the various stages of the event, to come into contact with large companies and investors. An initiative enriched this year also by a dedicated open innovation programme, which brought together some corporate and SME partners of Startup Marathon with the startups that were best suited to respond to specific technological needs expressed by the partners themselves. Among the initiatives to promote the internationalization of innovative Italian companies, especially those led by women, Area Science Park created the BoostHerUp programme, which took place in 2024 in partnership with Prospera Women, a Silicon Valley organisation that brings together programmes in support of female-led startups around the world. Two startups that distinguished themselves in recent editions of the Startup Marathon participated in an acceleration programme in the United States.   Italian Startups at CES 2025 The Italian pavilion will be located in Eureka Park, the CES exhibition area dedicated to startups and national delegations organised by different countries around the world, with their respective organisations supporting the development of innovative businesses. For this edition, Italy is represented by 46 startups coming from 14 regions. Among the innovations made in Italy in Las Vegas, there are numerous advanced computer vision sensor technologies, predictive factory maintenance, intelligent waste management, but space tech is also represented. And also intelligent mobility: from solid supercapacitors for high-performance electric vehicles to a self-driving robotaxi that can be used in a fleet that can be driven remotely. Again this year, the Italian pavilion will pay great attention to clean-tech, that is technologies for environmental sustainability: from the production of energy mobility, with light, portable and foldable solar panels, to a system of sensors that monitor the presence of polluting gases in large areas, also providing the possibility of preventing the spread of fires; however, there is also an IoT solution to reduce the energy costs of operating industrial machinery without replacing them, and a new technology for additive manufacturing that makes the mass production of components obsolete. And also, health, with technologies mainly based on AI that support doctors’ interventions, in the anamnesis and diagnostic phase, in the clinical evaluation in veterinary visits, or support post-operative patients in following correct rehabilitation. There are also numerous technologies aimed at the mass public, such as the “virtual concierge” for hospitality and the robot that accompanies visits to the museum.   The Startups 221e, 3dnextech, AI4IV, Apogeo Space, Certy, Coderblock, Èlevit, EMC Gems, Enphos, Eye2Drive, Friendz, Ganiga, GeniAi, Icarus, In Quattro, Innova, Kintana, Laika, Levante, Lieu.city, Mathclick, MIA, Novac, Pinpoint, Planybuild, PopulaRise, Proke, Radoff, Rem Montenapoleone, SeismicGuard, Sensor ID, SLY, SnapAll, SpaceVerse, The Thinking Clouds, TokNox, ToMove, Travel Verse, Truesense, TUC, Viber Alert, Viralba, Volumio, WiData, WhoTeach, Zephorum.

Friuli Venezia Giulia continues to show a positive post-pandemic recovery trend in terms of the flow of foreign researchers and lecturers within the institutions and incoming mobility. This is what emerges from the annual “Mobility of Knowledge” survey conducted by Area Science Park, which has been collecting the main data on students, researchers and lecturers from the research institutions partnered with SiS FVG since 2005. The survey reveals that a total of 36,925 students were enrolled in the 2022/2023 academic year, 7% of whom were foreign nationals (compared to 36,459 students in 2021/2022, 6% of whom were foreigners). Female students represent 56% of the total enrolled (a 1% increase from the previous survey) and they mainly attend degree courses in the field of Humanities or related to Social Sciences. The number of incoming students, 707 in total, is now approaching pre-pandemic levels. Of these, 75% have European citizenship, 53% are female and 47% are enrolled in Mathematics, Physics, Computer Science, Engineering, Earth Sciences and Sciences of the Universe. There are a total of 1,104 outgoing mobility students, with 93% of them choosing destinations within the EU and 53% of them enrolled in courses in Human and Social Sciences. “Friuli Venezia Giulia is confirmed as an attractive destination for international students,” remarked Alessia Rosolen, Regional Councillor for Labour, Training, Education, Research, Universities and Families. “This is thanks to the good reputation of the regional university and research system, which draws thousands of talented individuals to the Region’s scientific and innovation system, and to the system of measures and incentives for the right to study, as well as opportunities for PhD students and researchers. It should also be noted that in 2022, the Region adopted a law to attract and retain expertise, offering benefits, contributions and solutions to balance work-life commitments for young individuals and their families who choose to build their life projects in Friuli Venezia Giulia. With a new draft law on social innovation, we intend to strengthen this package of measures and offer better conditions to those who choose our region for work and study. Attracting talent,” Rosolen concluded, “means attracting investments, supporting development with a high innovation content and creating quality employment.” As for researchers and lecturers employed by the scientific institutions that are part of the Scientific and Innovation System (SiS FVG), their numbers reached 3,641 in 2023. Although this is an increase of approximately 280 compared to 2022; the overall figure remains significantly lower than pre-pandemic levels (6,960 in 2019). The gender ratio remains unchanged, with women accounting for just over one-third of the sample (35%). When cross-referencing gender data with scientific disciplines, it becomes evident that the fields of Mathematics, Physics, Engineering, ICT, Earth Sciences and Sciences of the Universe continue to be strongly male-dominated. Lastly, concerning foreign personnel working within the SiS FVG institutions, 2023 saw the largest increase in the past four years, rising from 636 to 804 individuals, although the numbers are still far from pre-pandemic levels. Conversely, incoming mobility for researchers and lecturers has increased by almost 4,000, reaching 7,854 individuals. Of these, 89% belong to the scientific areas of Mathematics, Physics, Engineering, ICT, Earth Sciences and Sciences of the Universe, while 27% have European citizenship. Outgoing mobility also increased in 2023, with 75 trips abroad, primarily to EU countries (43%), but also to Asian countries (20%, excluding India and China). Overall, the total number of foreign personnel within the SiS FVG Scientific and Innovation System institutions shows a marked increase compared to the previous year, from 7,597 to 11,934, a figure approaching pre-pandemic levels (approximately 14,000). The complete survey, available in Italian and English, can be downloaded here.